Notes on the sojourn of Rudolf II at the Spanish court : Spain and Bohemia over the period 1550-1650
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In the century from 1550 to 1650, Spain was the world’s first global imperial power. Ruled by the Hapsburgs, it was also where the Austrian Hapsburgs sent their sons for education. The future emperor Rudolf II spent his youth here under the supervision of his uncle, Philip II, then the most powerful monarch in the world. This king was hardly the figure depicted
by romantics such as Friedrich Schiller. During the construction of El Escorial, the royal summer residence (as well as the royal pantheon and a functioning monastery), Philip conceived the building in part as Solomon’s Temple, and hence (as proven by René Taylor) a kind of symbolic alchemical work, including application of Italian hermetic-Neoplatonist philosophy. At the same time, the building was an homage to St. Lawrence, since it was on his feast-day that Philip II won the battle of St. Quentin (10 August 1557). For this reason, he first employed as his architect Juan Bautista de Toledo, who had been Michelangelo’s assistant in Rome during the construction of St. Peter’s Basilica; further work was led by Juan de Herrera, also erudite in alchemy and esoteric lore. In the Escorial, the idea was of an esoteric interpretation of geometric principles (figura cúbica). And Philip II himself initiated his nephew Rudolf into esoteric philosophy and alchemy, grounded in the works of the medieval mystic Ramón Llull; another expert in his work, later, was the Spanish envoy to Rudolf’s court in Prague, Guillermo de San Clemente. In addition, there was in Madrid a public mathematical academy and a secret alchemist’s workshop. It was here, in the Spanish capital, that Rudolf II first encountered the principles of alchemy, which accompanied his entire later life in Prague.
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Hlavní autor
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Pavel Štěpánek, 1942-
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Typ dokumentu
- Články
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Fyzický popis
- ilustrace (převážně barevné).
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Publikováno v
- Czech and Slovak journal of humanities. -- ISSN 1805-3742. -- Č. 2 Historia Artium (2014), s. 44-53
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Témata
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Popis jednotky
- České resumé na straně 189-190
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Bibliografie
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